|
岳陽翻譯公司關鍵字：making by producers, consumers, representatives of the Government for consideration will be made. In general, the formation of prices of agricultural products in Japan is based on production costs, supply and demand factors, also refer to the historical price and future price trends.Second, foreign direct subsidies to farmers to implement the main measures and practices1, the U.S. direct subsidy(1) subsidies for production flexibility contract (Production Flexi-bility ContractPayment). Such direct subsidies to the United States is the most typical decoupled income support. Production flexibility is the use of this subsidy approach, the producers no matter what is produced, they enjoy such subsidies are not affected, so with sufficient flexibility in production decisions.Legal basis for such subsidies in 1996, the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (FAIR). The law for wheat, corn, sorghum, barley, oats, rice and cotton farmers, according to the base period, the number of direct income subsidies to production. Method of calculation is: according to the average 1991-1995 production (yield X area) of 85% stipulated by the Government multiplied by the amount of subsidies per unit weight, because the output of 1991-1995 is fixed, so farmers direct subsidies may be obtained only with the base period (1991-1995), the type and quantity of products required by the Government and the subsidy per unit weight, but not with what the actual production and production after the number does not matter.After 1998, due to a significant decline in world market prices of agricultural products, the U.S. government not only failed to press the original plans to gradually reduce direct subsidies, but substantially increased the subsidies. Original target of direct subsidies to total expenditure of 50 billion dollars per year, and by 2000, and on the basis of the original additional 50 billion dollars. August 13, 2001, President Bush signed the bill, the U.S. government to U.S. farmers $ 5.5 billion in relief funds to subsidize for corn, soybeans and other grain prices are low losses. Of course, this is also the central government to the United States against the backdrop of a huge surplus.How specific subsidy rate to wheat and corn as an example: we can see by the conversion after 2000 wheat subsidy rate of 45.20 U.S. dollars / ton, corn is $ 27.56 / ton. The United States
|