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承德翻譯公司關鍵字：Russia's former Soviet-era agricultural reforms began. For reform from the perspective of property rights in terms of academics, there are two Russian agricultural reform is particularly noteworthy: (a) a comprehensive learning experience in China's agricultural reform, trying to land use rights of farm families to start rebuilding agricultural production incentives; ( b) the reform of land property rights than China provides a comprehensive legal framework翻譯畢業論文公司哪里有最權威. On the first point, the Gorbachev era passed the reform experience of China's agricultural reform modeled on the decision, its main content is to allow family farmers lease the former Soviet Union state and collective farms of the land. On the second point, since the 1990s, Russia has established a comprehensive legal framework翻譯畢業論文公司哪里有最權威 for land ownership, to recognize and regulate private ownership of land, sale, purchase, share, lease and mortgage of such acts. By 1995, the Russian State and collective farms of the land through legal means have been allocated to the Russian peasant families and farm work翻譯畢業論文公司哪里有最權威ers.Russia's agrarian reform, Chinese style has not been achieved early success.First, the family of the slow development of individual farms. The first is the late 1980s, the land lease policy, was only to be less than 2% of the total households of farmers to respond. Even in 1994, in the large-scale land privatization law is passed, the individual has only 6% of farm households and 5% of agricultural land. This was a few years with China in the 1980-84 time period, 99% of the production team in a short time to allow land contracting and management policy framework翻譯畢業論文公司哪里有最權威 into a home-based contracting farmers to form a sharp contrast. As the family-based farms in individual progress is not smooth, it turned to the Russian state and collective farms to promote the stock, that is, from state and collective farm work翻譯畢業論文公司哪里有最權威ers to become owners of land shares, and therefore all state-owned and collective farms the land reform a stock farm. Russia's state-owned farms in 1995, all the land from 58.2% in 1991 down to 16.5% from 40% to the collective farms, 17.2%, 0.3% shareholding farms rose from 53.9%, individual private parts (including private farms, private joint Farm and home retention economy) rose from 1.8% to 12.5%. In other words, only a small part of the Russian land real family-run by the farmers, while most of the land (87.5%) by the state, collective and joint-stock Company翻譯論文公司最專業 type farm management.Secondly, the more serious and better able to explain the problem, the reform of land ownership in Russia not only failed to reverse its long-term stagnation of agricultural production situation, and the total agricultural output in the radical transformation of land ownership structure after the significant decline. For example, Russia's total agricultural output in 1994 is only about 75% in 1990, of which 29% reduction in animal husbandry, farming fell 16.8%. With China's total agricultural output in the reform era of the early average annual rate of 10% compared to Russian agriculture has experienced a severe recession.
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