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包頭翻譯公司關鍵字：purchase of intermediate inputs for the Company翻譯論文公司最專業, in the production of intermediate inputs within the same economy as the external economic performance" (Krugman, 1981). He believes that the local external economies do not have to be assumed, the local external economies of scale from the market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章 or market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章 point to the effect. By increasing the Company翻譯論文公司最專業 in one location incentives, enhanced economies of scale within the geographic concentration of production trends. He (Krugman, 1993,1995) that this type of external economy and the "big push" industrialization model in the external economic imagine similar large-scale industrialization programs can take advantage of external economies and complementarities, which reduce investment英文論文翻譯費用多少錢 risk. He also cited the local cluster to explain certain types of external economy Marshall style. He ignored the spillover effects of technological knowledge-based externalities. He (Krugman, 1987) these externalities as is "elusive", preference is easy to simulate external money. "The new industrial geography," School is just the application of external economic transaction costs and vertical separation and associated technology spillovers. That the large producers tend to use decentralized and flexible organizational forms.Krugman's main application of Marshall's theory of external economies of scale to explain the relatively small geographic clusters, cluster urban geography and urban professional accumulations. In addition, Chamberlain monopolistic competition model approach to his description of externalities is also important. In his view, the emergence of increasing returns means that the traditional technology and money outside of the division between external meaningless. Only in the constant returns and perfect competition, this type of distinction is valid; in incremental revenue and imperfect competition in the world, outside the scope of the economy is very large. In particular there is a market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章 with different scale linked to the real external economies (Krugman, 1993). In short, there are increasing returns in production, so the market畢業論文翻譯成英語文章 size is important, money is also true of external economic welfare significance.He also believes that the body concentration in these areas within the industry and the role of inter-industry agglomeration externalities constitute the body of the Company翻譯論文公司最專業 for competitive advantage plays an important role. This is his new view of regional competitive advantage. Economic concentration has a positive impact on productivity. Trade generated by the overall increase professional efficiency of the world economy, and national trade and mutual interest (Krugman, 1994). Because the new trade theory of imperfect competition, externalities and the recognition of stress from the potential benefits of economic integration, increased trade may be due to rationalization to allow greater economies of scale.
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