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迪慶翻譯公司關鍵字：3, the rise of the geographically based marketAccording to historical materialism, the development of productive forces is the root cause of social progress, and productivity is the driving force for the development of technological progress and innovation. Unable to explain the reasons for emergence of technological innovation, so the history of science into a dead end. But should also be acknowledged that many scholars see the market development to economic growth stimulus. Because the market as "relations of production" (in which exchange relations) aspects, so the market can only be explained by the development of productive forces. But in North view, market development than the productive forces and production relations are more basic level. Market development is cause for "relationship" changes, also caused increased productivity. So long as the stated principles of market development, will solve the problems of historians a hundred years a big problem.
North in the "rise of the Western world in his book states that the basic conditions for the rise of the Western European market is favorable geographical conditions, led to the rise of the driving force behind the (exogenous variable) is the natural growth of population.
Until the early Middle Ages, Western Europe or in most parts of the vast and sparsely populated wilderness. But with the natural growth of population trends. Center of the natural growth of population led to diminishing returns of labor, forcing the overflow to the untapped population in remote areas, this is the development of north-western Europe the so-called "frontier movement." In the newly reclaimed areas as well as between the old and new regions, soil, climate and other natural conditions are different, leading to food, animals and other natural products, differences, which caused the demand for exchange, so the first produced a small range of commodity trading the market. Freight transport makes a wide range of low water, food, wood, wool, salt fish, wine and other basic products (low-value bulky goods) can withstand long-distance transportation costs, so have a vast area to participate in market transactions. Transactions made over the basic products are able to produce their own superior products, which makes the ordinary farmer can play to their comparative advantage, thereby increasing labor income. Increase farm income in remote areas so that they have the power to consume more manufactured goods or luxury goods, thus stimulating industry specialization and division of labor process in the fine, on this basis has emerged technology development and progress.
However, as a "new system of school" of economists, market development to promote Western North stressed the gradual formation of a series of favorable economic development organizations and systems, thereby accelerating economic growth and social progress. We need to focus on exploring the problem is that the natural growth of population in the world (especially China), widespread, why only in Western Europe that led to the rise of the market it?
History of human progress has a significant role in promoting trade in goods is not many centuries ago on the existing cross-continent, the more the ocean silk, spices, porcelain, ivory, gold and silver, jewelry and other luxury resale transactions (in the ancient conditions of transport Only the luxury to be able to withstand long-distance transportation costs), but southern Europe, western and northern Europe to the Low Countries the Netherlands as the center of grain, timber, wool, fish, wine and other agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery basic product trade. Because only the basic products to be able to trade a minimum value of labor of the farmers to play their comparative advantages, which have the ability to buy manufactured goods, thus stimulating technological innovation and economic growth.
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