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山東省翻譯公司關鍵字：Generally believed that agriculture is a inherently weak nature of the industry, the market economy can not compete with other industries. "Historical Records Huo Biography" said: the pursuit of wealth with the poor, farmers as workers, working as suppliers, embroidery text than by the city gate. Compared to other domestic industries with weak nature of agriculture in the following areas:
(1) Agricultural production is not only faced with the huge natural risks, while also facing huge market risks.As the main agricultural products used to meet the dietary needs of people, the demand for agricultural products by the physical limitations of people, which makes the price elasticity of demand for agricultural products and relatively low income elasticity. Agricultural price elasticity is small, leading to prices of agricultural products easy ups and downs; farm income elasticity is small, leading to the proportion of agriculture tends to decline in the national economy, which will inevitably lead to more benefits than other industries agriculture; also has the perishable nature of agricultural products, particularly long production cycle and , so the market regulator has seriously lagged behind the market lag of blindness and defects in the agricultural markets is magnified. Compared with agriculture, other industries, the main risks facing the market, the natural risk. These all show the weak nature of agriculture.(2) Compared with other industries, agriculture, most tend to perfect competition.Manufacturers of agriculture (farmers) are many and scattered, nor the differences in products, it is impossible to form a monopoly, farmers do not have the pricing power of agricultural products, can only passively accept the market price, while other industries have some more or less the price control. According to research, in fact, the relationship between agriculture and non-agricultural industries and the relationship between developing and developed countries are very similar, there is a non-monopoly - a monopoly of the asymmetry. In their course of competition, tend to disperse the party (non-monopoly party) will be at a disadvantage in the competitive process, on the contrary, the party will tend to monopolize the process of competition in a good position. Be explained below with a case.
Case: U.S. sugar import quota policy. Since the implementation of the import quota policy, the U.S. market sugar prices higher than the international market more than 40%, producers benefit from the $ 1.066 billion, while consumer surplus loss of $ 1.646 billion, a net welfare loss of U.S. $ 580 million. However, the average loss to consumers, each consumer, average only $ 6.00. Therefore, the individual consumers, he (or she) have no incentive to oppose the U.S. sugar market protection policy. The U.S. sugar industry workers only about 12,000 people, will bring the import quotas allocated to each production subsidies to sugar producers for the year $ 90,000, it is not difficult to understand why the U.S. sugar producers would strongly advocate the policy of import quotas. The end result is the U.S. implementation of the sugar import quota policy. This shows that tend to disperse party (non-monopoly party) at a disadvantage in the real world. [3] (the case from the "International Economics", Paul Krugman, Mao 瑞斯奧伯斯 Fa Erde book, in translation, P186, 1998 years).
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