FIDIC是(shi)國(guo)際(ji)咨(zi)詢(xun)工(gong)程(cheng)師協(xie)會{international federation of consulting engineer}，現有67個成員協(xie)會，中國(guo)1996年正式加入FIDIC。FIDIC與聯合(he)(he)國(guo)、世界銀行(xing)、亞洲開(kai)發銀行(xing)等(deng)國(guo)際(ji)組織密切合(he)(he)作。對(dui)(dui)國(guo)際(ji)上實行(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)承包(bao)項目，對(dui)(dui)國(guo)際(ji)經濟合(he)(he)作發展起到了重要(yao)的作用。

，包(bao)括各(ge)種合(he)同、協(xie)議標準范本、各(ge)項工(gong)作(zuo)指(zhi)南、以(yi)及(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)慣例建議等，得到(dao)了(le)(le)世(shi)界各(ge)有關組織(zhi)的(de)廣(guang)泛承認和實施(shi)。99年(nian)新版的(de)FIDIC合(he)同條(tiao)(tiao)件對87年(nian)第(di)四版作(zuo)出了(le)(le)一些調整(zheng)。主要(yao)是針對紅皮書(shu)我們做一下講解：紅皮書(shu)通(tong)用(yong)條(tiao)(tiao)件共20條(tiao)(tiao)163款(kuan)，可以(yi)將(jiang)這(zhe)20條(tiao)(tiao)分成7個(ge)部分，按順序分別對人員（1---6）、設備材(cai)料供應（7---8）、工(gong)期(qi)（9---11）、付款(kuan)（12---14）、合(he)同終(zhong)止（15---16）、保(bao)險（17---19）、爭端(duan)（20）進行了(le)(le)規定和解釋。如果以(yi)后在實際工(gong)作(zuo)中遇到(dao)FIDIC條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)應用(yong)可以(yi)在以(yi)上(shang)分類中方便查找。

使用FIDIC，最好要(yao)懂(dong)(dong)得(de)英(ying)文。FIDIC語言都是英(ying)文的，這(zhe)(zhe)在FIDIC條款中很明確。不(bu)(bu)會英(ying)文就很難(nan)通過翻譯去搞(gao)這(zhe)(zhe)項工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，有很多(duo)東(dong)西同(tong)樣一(yi)個詞，英(ying)文和中文翻來翻去意(yi)思就變了，另(ling)外對于許多(duo)專業詞匯，靠字(zi)典是得(de)不(bu)(bu)到真諦的，甚(shen)至偏離可能會很大(da)。所以(yi)，要(yao)想(xiang)用好FIDIC，最理(li)想(xiang)的人是學技術的又(you)懂(dong)(dong)英(ying)文，同(tong)時也應懂(dong)(dong)一(yi)些法律(lv)知識(shi)，因為(wei)FIDIC本身(shen)就是一(yi)本施(shi)工(gong)(gong)法。FIDIC里面涉及到許多(duo)英(ying)文的法律(lv)用語，相當講究用詞的正確與嚴(yan)謹，來不(bu)(bu)得(de)半(ban)點含糊，這(zhe)(zhe)些只有在實際運用中注意(yi)掌握。

新(xin)(xin)版FIDIC中(zhong)有(you)58個定義(yi)(yi)分為六大類：合同(tong)，合同(tong)雙方和人員，日期、檢(jian)驗、期間和竣工，款項與(yu)(yu)支付，工程與(yu)(yu)貨物，其他定義(yi)(yi)。其中(zhong)有(you)三十個新(xin)(xin)的定義(yi)(yi)，以下對著重說一下容易產生誤會和爭(zheng)端的定義(yi)(yi)。

合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)是(shi)指合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)協(xie)議書(shu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)函(han)(han)、投(tou)標(biao)函(han)(han)、本(ben)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)條件、規范、圖紙、明細(xi)表以(yi)及合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)協(xie)議書(shu)或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他文件。它(ta)是(shi)由(you)一系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文件構(gou)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而不是(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)或(huo)幾個(ge)文件。這里需要(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)函(han)(han)是(shi)指雇主簽(qian)署(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)式(shi)接(jie)受投(tou)標(biao)函(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信箋，包括其所附(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含有雙方簽(qian)署(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任何備忘錄。如無此(ci)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)函(han)(han)，則“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)函(han)(han)”一詞是(shi)指合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)協(xie)議書(shu)，屬于意向(xiang)函(han)(han)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)協(xie)議書(shu)不構(gou)成合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)。所以(yi)需要(yao)我(wo)們在今后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)函(han)(han)和意向(xiang)書(shu)加(jia)以(yi)區(qu)分，以(yi)免引起不必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭端。

在我們現場的(de)施(shi)工(gong)實(shi)踐中(zhong)，施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)很重要(yao)的(de)，但施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)“圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)有很大區別的(de)，“圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”包括合同中(zhong)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)及(ji)由(you)雇(gu)主按(an)(an)照合同發出的(de)任(ren)何補充(chong)和(he)修改的(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需要(yao)有專用施(shi)工(gong)用圖(tu)(tu)(tu)章，才可以(yi)按(an)(an)照施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去進行現場施(shi)工(gong)。否則會因為施(shi)工(gong)用圖(tu)(tu)(tu)不是(shi)(shi)最后的(de)施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造成我方(fang)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)失(shi)。

新版FIDIC已經對監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)有(you)所修改，雇主人員里包(bao)括監(jian)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師，他代表業主的(de)(de)(de)利益，不再(zai)是(shi)以前(qian)舊版中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)independent的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)了。“中(zhong)標(biao)合(he)同金額”是(shi)指(zhi)中(zhong)標(biao)函(han)中(zhong)所認可的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)、竣工(gong)和修補任何缺陷所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)用(yong)，不是(shi)最終(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)。“合(he)同價(jia)格(ge)(ge)”是(shi)指(zhi)第14。1款[合(he)同價(jia)格(ge)(ge)]規定中(zhong)闡明的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)，包(bao)括按照合(he)同所做的(de)(de)(de)調整。這(zhe)個價(jia)格(ge)(ge)是(shi)隨(sui)著合(he)同的(de)(de)(de)實施不斷變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)個概(gai)念在實際的(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)實施過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)是(shi)很有(you)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)。“承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)文(wen)件(jian)”是(shi)指(zhi)由承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)根據合(he)同提交的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)計(ji)算書(shu)、計(ji)算機程(cheng)(cheng)序和其他軟件(jian)、圖(tu)紙、手(shou)冊、模型和其他技術性文(wen)件(jian)。這(zhe)里需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)文(wen)件(jian)不構成(cheng)合(he)同。如果是(shi)總包(bao)合(he)同，在設(she)計(ji)方面有(you)問題的(de)(de)(de)話，即使業主批準施工(gong)，如果在工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)或質(zhi)保期發生問題，承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)依然承(cheng)擔責任。

FIDIC規定每個項目的承(cheng)包商都(dou)(dou)要(yao)進(jin)行資(zi)(zi)(zi)格預(yu)(yu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)，你想到(dao)國際市場上(shang)搞承(cheng)包工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，首先要(yao)過資(zi)(zi)(zi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)關(guan)。資(zi)(zi)(zi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)有資(zi)(zi)(zi)格預(yu)(yu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)和資(zi)(zi)(zi)格后(hou)審(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)分，后(hou)審(shen)(shen)(shen)的情況(kuang)也是(shi)經常遇到(dao)的，大(da)多(duo)用于交鑰匙工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，供貨合同用后(hou)審(shen)(shen)(shen)的比較多(duo)；土建工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)預(yu)(yu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)多(duo)。后(hou)審(shen)(shen)(shen)就是(shi)在投票書中附帶(dai)提交資(zi)(zi)(zi)信證明、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)經歷、財(cai)務狀況(kuang)和管理人員履歷等。資(zi)(zi)(zi)格預(yu)(yu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)和后(hou)審(shen)(shen)(shen)一(yi)般都(dou)(dou)是(shi)采用打分的評估辦法，這(zhe)樣相(xiang)對來說比較客(ke)觀，常見的是(shi)按(an)百分制進(jin)行定向評分，再根(gen)據綜合結(jie)果做出(chu)最后(hou)決(jue)策。

有些公司在投票(piao)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)存在著一種見票(piao)就(jiu)(jiu)投、有票(piao)就(jiu)(jiu)報(bao)(bao)資(zi)審的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象，耗(hao)費了大量不必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)力和(he)財力，我覺得這(zhe)是(shi)應該改進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在商業(ye)經營上有個(ge)(ge)“二八”法則，講的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)企業(ye)有100份產(chan)品，其中(zhong)80%是(shi)由企業(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 20%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)賣出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，總經理就(jiu)(jiu)應該抓住這(zhe)20%，他們是(shi)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)筋骨。作(zuo)為一個(ge)(ge)承(cheng)包商，投票(piao)是(shi)也是(shi)如(ru)此。投票(piao)報(bao)(bao)價是(shi)很(hen)花(hua)錢(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)果這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)票(piao)不是(shi)你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)，那就(jiu)(jiu)不要(yao)去(qu)作(zuo)無(wu)謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)犧牲，應該重點突(tu)破，要(yao)有分(fen)析(xi)。要(yao)抓住主(zhu)要(yao)矛盾，做到當斷則斷，不行(xing)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)不行(xing)，不要(yao)再(zai)去(qu)花(hua)費不必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)力和(he)金錢(qian)，而且還耽誤(wu)時間(jian)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)資(zi)審后，你(ni)有權可以不投，但通(tong)過(guo)(guo)了資(zi)審，你(ni)又畏縮了，不干了，這(zhe)也會影響與合作(zuo)伙伴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系，與其這(zhe)樣，不如(ru)從開(kai)始就(jiu)(jiu)婉言推掉，不去(qu)投。

FIDIC第17、18、19款都是(shi)有關保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)，包(bao)(bao)括第三(san)(san)者（也(ye)(ye)稱第三(san)(san)方）責任(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)全(quan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、車(che)(che)輛保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在項目實施過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)必不可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)確實可(ke)以防范(fan)許多(duo)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。由于上了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，有時出(chu)了事反而賺錢(qian)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)很重要(yao)，但不是(shi)說(shuo)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)你(ni)都要(yao)去投(tou)。國際承包(bao)(bao)工程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)遇到保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)主要(yao)有以下(xia)幾種（有些是(shi)強制性的(de)(de)(de)，你(ni)必須投(tou)）：承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)全(quan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、第三(san)(san)者責任(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、運輸(shu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、車(che)(che)輛保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等等。平時常見的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)全(quan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、第三(san)(san)者責任(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，這些險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)賠辦起(qi)來往往相(xiang)當繁雜，很難(nan)拿回經濟補償，所以實際辦理(li)應(ying)盡量降低投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)金額，從(cong)而可(ke)以減少保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)用的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)出(chu)。有的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司以為(wei)你(ni)不懂，雙重收(shou)(shou)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)現象很多(duo)，比如承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)全(quan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)里(li)本應(ying)就包(bao)(bao)括了第三(san)(san)者責任(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，如果他收(shou)(shou)兩筆保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)是(shi)不合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)，要(yao)防范(fan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)額外多(duo)收(shou)(shou)錢(qian)。運輸(shu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，尤其是(shi)海上保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，花不了幾個錢(qian)，但是(shi)真(zhen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)！最(zui)好(hao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)CIF到工地，因為(wei)大宗貨(huo)物運輸(shu)很難(nan)說(shuo)不出(chu)任(ren)(ren)何事情，出(chu)現事故就要(yao)進行理(li)賠，能把損失撈回來。車(che)(che)輛險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)一定要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，車(che)(che)出(chu)事的(de)(de)(de)機會太大，天天跑，輪(lun)子一轉就伴隨著風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。再就是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。FIDIC中(zhong)(zhong)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)條款，應(ying)該注意(yi)分析，什么人(ren)(ren)(ren)該保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，什么人(ren)(ren)(ren)不該保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。

FIDIC第20款(kuan)(kuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)、爭(zheng)端(duan)和仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)。在FIDIC中，解決爭(zheng)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終辦法(fa)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)，承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)跨越咨(zi)詢工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)就(jiu)直(zhi)接去打仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)。一(yi)(yi)旦走到仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地步(bu)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)賭博(bo)，誰都(dou)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)說上了仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)庭一(yi)(yi)定會贏(ying)，因為(wei)影響仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素太多：以往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)案例、提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)證據(ju)、咨(zi)詢工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意見、你對(dui)項目情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)說明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)很(hen)有(you)邏(luo)輯和道(dao)理(li)，等等。因此，咨(zi)詢工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)對(dui)于一(yi)(yi)個(ge)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商，或更廣泛(fan)地說對(dui)合(he)同雙方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟利益是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)當關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)。FIDIC的(de)(de)(de)(de)框架(jia)關系是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)、咨(zi)詢工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)與承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)“三位(wei)一(yi)(yi)體”，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)三角(jiao)(jiao)關系，但并(bing)非是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等邊三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)，咨(zi)詢工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)在這個(ge)三條關系中跟(gen)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)關系更近(jin)些，因為(wei)國際承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)畢(bi)竟還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)買方(fang)(fang)市場(chang)。特(te)別值得一(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必須(xu)做好(hao)有(you)關索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文字 記錄和證據(ju)收(shou)集，要知道(dao)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)意向并(bing)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為(wei)具體支付索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據(ju)，業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)和咨(zi)詢工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)都(dou)相(xiang)當看重(zhong)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)Substantiation/ Verification（實(shi)(shi)證）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有(you)充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)說服力。現(xian)在不(bu)(bu)少書中過分強調索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)，從而導致不(bu)(bu)熟(shu)悉實(shi)(shi)際情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)人對(dui)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)形(xing)成(cheng)認識上的(de)(de)(de)(de)誤區，似乎索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，甚至可能(neng)(neng)有(you)索(suo)(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在國際承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中創收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)辦法(fa)這種(zhong)印象(xiang)。但我(wo)倒(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)張靠變(bian)(bian)更令(ling)賺錢(qian)，而且在項目實(shi)(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，靠變(bian)(bian)更令(ling)賺錢(qian)即(ji)容(rong)易又保險(xian)又方(fang)(fang)便，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)什么爭(zheng)端(duan)，往(wang)往(wang)一(yi)(yi)句話、一(yi)(yi)個(ge)概念，就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)多賺幾萬美元 .如果(guo)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)要求承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商執(zhi)行合(he)同中沒(mei)(mei)有(you)列出的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務，通(tong)常是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)讓咨(zi)詢工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)按FIDIC條款(kuan)(kuan)發出變(bian)(bian)更令(ling)而指(zhi)示(shi)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)商去完成(cheng)。要想主(zhu)動用好(hao)變(bian)(bian)更令(ling)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要技巧的(de)(de)(de)(de)，必須(xu)依靠智慧。