FIDIC是國(guo)(guo)際咨詢工程(cheng)師協會(hui){international federation of consulting engineer}，現有67個成(cheng)員協會(hui)，中國(guo)(guo)1996年正式加入FIDIC。FIDIC與聯合國(guo)(guo)、世(shi)界銀行、亞洲開發銀行等國(guo)(guo)際組(zu)織密切合作。對(dui)國(guo)(guo)際上實行工程(cheng)承包項目，對(dui)國(guo)(guo)際經濟合作發展起到(dao)了重(zhong)要的(de)作用。

，包括各種(zhong)合同、協(xie)議標(biao)準范本(ben)、各項工(gong)作(zuo)指南、以(yi)及(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)慣例建議等，得到(dao)(dao)了世(shi)界各有關組(zu)織的(de)廣泛(fan)承認和實(shi)施(shi)。99年新版(ban)的(de)FIDIC合同條件(jian)對87年第(di)四版(ban)作(zuo)出(chu)了一些調整。主要是針對紅皮書我(wo)們做一下講解：紅皮書通用(yong)條件(jian)共20條163款，可以(yi)將這20條分成7個部分，按順序分別對人員（1---6）、設(she)備材(cai)料(liao)供應(ying)（7---8）、工(gong)期（9---11）、付款（12---14）、合同終止（15---16）、保險（17---19）、爭端（20）進(jin)行(xing)了規定和解釋。如果(guo)以(yi)后在實(shi)際工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)遇到(dao)(dao)FIDIC條款的(de)應(ying)用(yong)可以(yi)在以(yi)上(shang)分類中(zhong)方便查(cha)找(zhao)。

使(shi)用(yong)(yong)FIDIC，最好要(yao)懂(dong)(dong)得(de)英文(wen)(wen)。FIDIC語言(yan)都是英文(wen)(wen)的(de)，這(zhe)在FIDIC條款(kuan)中很明確。不(bu)會英文(wen)(wen)就很難通過(guo)翻譯去(qu)搞(gao)這(zhe)項工(gong)作，有(you)很多(duo)(duo)(duo)東西同樣一個(ge)詞(ci)，英文(wen)(wen)和中文(wen)(wen)翻來翻去(qu)意(yi)思就變(bian)了，另外對于許多(duo)(duo)(duo)專業詞(ci)匯，靠字典是得(de)不(bu)到(dao)真諦的(de)，甚(shen)至偏離(li)可(ke)能會很大。所以，要(yao)想(xiang)用(yong)(yong)好FIDIC，最理想(xiang)的(de)人是學技術(shu)的(de)又懂(dong)(dong)英文(wen)(wen)，同時也(ye)應(ying)懂(dong)(dong)一些法(fa)律知識，因為FIDIC本(ben)身(shen)就是一本(ben)施工(gong)法(fa)。FIDIC里面(mian)涉及到(dao)許多(duo)(duo)(duo)英文(wen)(wen)的(de)法(fa)律用(yong)(yong)語，相當講(jiang)究用(yong)(yong)詞(ci)的(de)正(zheng)確與(yu)嚴謹，來不(bu)得(de)半點(dian)含糊，這(zhe)些只有(you)在實際運用(yong)(yong)中注意(yi)掌(zhang)握。

新版FIDIC中(zhong)有(you)58個(ge)定(ding)(ding)義(yi)(yi)分為六大類：合(he)同，合(he)同雙方(fang)和(he)人員，日期、檢驗、期間和(he)竣(jun)工，款項與(yu)支付，工程與(yu)貨物(wu)，其他定(ding)(ding)義(yi)(yi)。其中(zhong)有(you)三十個(ge)新的定(ding)(ding)義(yi)(yi)，以下對著(zhu)重(zhong)說一下容易產生誤會和(he)爭(zheng)端的定(ding)(ding)義(yi)(yi)。

合(he)(he)同是(shi)指合(he)(he)同協(xie)(xie)(xie)議(yi)書(shu)(shu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)函(han)、投標(biao)(biao)函(han)、本合(he)(he)同條件(jian)、規(gui)范(fan)、圖紙、明細(xi)表以(yi)(yi)及(ji)合(he)(he)同協(xie)(xie)(xie)議(yi)書(shu)(shu)或中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他文(wen)件(jian)。它(ta)是(shi)由一(yi)系列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)件(jian)構成的(de)(de)(de)(de)，而不是(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)或幾個(ge)文(wen)件(jian)。這里需要(yao)注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)函(han)是(shi)指雇主簽署的(de)(de)(de)(de)正式接(jie)受投標(biao)(biao)函(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信箋，包括其(qi)所附的(de)(de)(de)(de)含有雙(shuang)方簽署的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)(xie)議(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)何備忘錄(lu)。如無此類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)函(han)，則“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)函(han)”一(yi)詞是(shi)指合(he)(he)同協(xie)(xie)(xie)議(yi)書(shu)(shu)，屬于意(yi)向(xiang)(xiang)函(han)，合(he)(he)同協(xie)(xie)(xie)議(yi)書(shu)(shu)不構成合(he)(he)同。所以(yi)(yi)需要(yao)我們(men)在今后的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)(biao)函(han)和(he)意(yi)向(xiang)(xiang)書(shu)(shu)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)區(qu)分，以(yi)(yi)免引起(qi)不必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爭(zheng)端。

在我(wo)們現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)踐中，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是很(hen)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和“圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是有很(hen)大區別的(de)(de)(de)(de)，“圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”包括合同中的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以及由(you)雇(gu)主按(an)照(zhao)合同發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)任何補充和修(xiu)改(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需要有專用施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)用圖章(zhang)，才可(ke)以按(an)照(zhao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去進行現場施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。否則會因為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)用圖不是最(zui)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造成我(wo)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟損失。

新版FIDIC已經對監理工程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)地位(wei)有(you)所(suo)(suo)修改，雇主人員(yuan)里(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)括監理工程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)，他(ta)(ta)代(dai)表業主的(de)(de)利益，不(bu)再(zai)是(shi)(shi)以前舊版中的(de)(de)independent的(de)(de)地位(wei)了。“中標(biao)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)金額”是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)中標(biao)函中所(suo)(suo)認可的(de)(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工、竣工和修補(bu)任(ren)何缺陷所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)費用(yong)，不(bu)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)終的(de)(de)價(jia)格。“合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)價(jia)格”是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)第14。1款[合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)價(jia)格]規定中闡明的(de)(de)價(jia)格，包(bao)(bao)(bao)括按照合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)所(suo)(suo)做的(de)(de)調(diao)整。這(zhe)(zhe)個價(jia)格是(shi)(shi)隨(sui)著合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)不(bu)斷變化的(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)個概念在實(shi)際的(de)(de)項目實(shi)施(shi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中是(shi)(shi)很有(you)用(yong)的(de)(de)。“承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商文(wen)件(jian)”是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)由承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商根據合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)提交的(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)有(you)計(ji)算書、計(ji)算機(ji)程(cheng)(cheng)序和其(qi)他(ta)(ta)軟件(jian)、圖紙、手(shou)冊、模型(xing)和其(qi)他(ta)(ta)技術性(xing)文(wen)件(jian)。這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商文(wen)件(jian)不(bu)構成(cheng)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)。如果(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)總包(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，在設計(ji)方面有(you)問(wen)題的(de)(de)話，即使業主批(pi)準施(shi)工，如果(guo)(guo)在工程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工過程(cheng)(cheng)中或(huo)質(zhi)保期發生(sheng)問(wen)題，承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)商依然(ran)承(cheng)(cheng)擔責任(ren)。

FIDIC規定每(mei)個項(xiang)目的(de)承包商都(dou)要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)資格(ge)預審，你想到國際(ji)市場上搞(gao)承包工程，首先要過資審關。資審有資格(ge)預審和(he)資格(ge)后(hou)(hou)(hou)審之分，后(hou)(hou)(hou)審的(de)情況也是(shi)經常(chang)遇到的(de)，大(da)多用于交鑰匙工程，供貨合同用后(hou)(hou)(hou)審的(de)比較(jiao)多；土建(jian)工程是(shi)預審多。后(hou)(hou)(hou)審就是(shi)在投票書中附帶提(ti)交資信證明、工程經歷、財務(wu)狀況和(he)管理人員履歷等。資格(ge)預審和(he)后(hou)(hou)(hou)審一般都(dou)是(shi)采用打(da)分的(de)評估辦法(fa)，這樣相對(dui)來說比較(jiao)客觀，常(chang)見的(de)是(shi)按百分制進(jin)(jin)行(xing)定向(xiang)評分，再(zai)根(gen)據綜合結果做出(chu)最后(hou)(hou)(hou)決(jue)策。

有(you)些公司在(zai)(zai)投(tou)票(piao)過(guo)程中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)一種見票(piao)就(jiu)投(tou)、有(you)票(piao)就(jiu)報(bao)資(zi)審的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象，耗費(fei)了(le)大量(liang)不(bu)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人力(li)和(he)財(cai)力(li)，我覺得這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)應該(gai)改進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)商業(ye)經(jing)營上有(you)個“二八”法(fa)則，講的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)一個企業(ye)有(you)100份產(chan)品，其中(zhong)80%是(shi)(shi)由企業(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 20%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員賣出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，總(zong)經(jing)理就(jiu)應該(gai)抓住這(zhe)(zhe)20%，他們是(shi)(shi)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)筋骨。作為一個承(cheng)包商，投(tou)票(piao)是(shi)(shi)也是(shi)(shi)如(ru)此。投(tou)票(piao)報(bao)價(jia)是(shi)(shi)很花錢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)果這(zhe)(zhe)個票(piao)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，那就(jiu)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)去作無謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)犧牲，應該(gai)重點突破，要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)分(fen)析。要(yao)(yao)(yao)抓住主要(yao)(yao)(yao)矛盾(dun)，做到當斷則斷，不(bu)行就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)行，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)再去花費(fei)不(bu)必要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精力(li)和(he)金錢，而且還耽誤時間(jian)。通(tong)過(guo)資(zi)審后(hou)，你有(you)權可以不(bu)投(tou)，但(dan)通(tong)過(guo)了(le)資(zi)審，你又畏(wei)縮(suo)了(le)，不(bu)干了(le)，這(zhe)(zhe)也會(hui)影響與(yu)合作伙伴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系，與(yu)其這(zhe)(zhe)樣，不(bu)如(ru)從開(kai)始就(jiu)婉言(yan)推掉(diao)，不(bu)去投(tou)。

FIDIC第(di)17、18、19款都(dou)是(shi)有(you)(you)關保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)第(di)三者(zhe)（也(ye)稱第(di)三方）責(ze)任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)全(quan)(quan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、車(che)(che)輛(liang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在項(xiang)目實施過程中是(shi)必(bi)不(bu)可(ke)少的(de)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)確實可(ke)以防范許多(duo)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。由(you)于上了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，有(you)(you)時出(chu)(chu)(chu)了事(shi)反(fan)而(er)賺錢(qian)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，但不(bu)是(shi)說(shuo)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)你(ni)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)去投。國(guo)際(ji)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)工程中遇到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)以下幾(ji)種（有(you)(you)些是(shi)強制性的(de)，你(ni)必(bi)須投）：承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)全(quan)(quan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、第(di)三者(zhe)責(ze)任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、運輸(shu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、車(che)(che)輛(liang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、人(ren)(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)等(deng)。平時常見的(de)是(shi)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)全(quan)(quan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、第(di)三者(zhe)責(ze)任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，這些險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)理賠辦起來(lai)往往相當繁(fan)雜(za)，很難(nan)拿回經濟補償，所(suo)以實際(ji)辦理應(ying)盡量降低(di)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)金(jin)額(e)，從而(er)可(ke)以減(jian)少保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)(fei)用的(de)支出(chu)(chu)(chu)。有(you)(you)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司以為(wei)你(ni)不(bu)懂，雙重(zhong)收費(fei)(fei)的(de)現(xian)象很多(duo)，比如承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)全(quan)(quan)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)里本應(ying)就(jiu)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)了第(di)三者(zhe)責(ze)任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，如果他收兩筆(bi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)(fei)是(shi)不(bu)合(he)理的(de)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)防范保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司的(de)額(e)外多(duo)收錢(qian)。運輸(shu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，尤其(qi)是(shi)海上保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，花不(bu)了幾(ji)個錢(qian)，但是(shi)真保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)！最好保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)CIF到(dao)工地，因(yin)為(wei)大(da)宗貨物運輸(shu)很難(nan)說(shuo)不(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)任何(he)事(shi)情，出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)事(shi)故(gu)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)理賠，能把(ba)損失撈回來(lai)。車(che)(che)輛(liang)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，車(che)(che)出(chu)(chu)(chu)事(shi)的(de)機會太大(da)，天(tian)天(tian)跑(pao)，輪子一(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)就(jiu)伴隨著風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。再就(jiu)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。FIDIC中有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)條款，應(ying)該注(zhu)意分析，什(shen)(shen)么人(ren)(ren)該保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，什(shen)(shen)么人(ren)(ren)不(bu)該保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。

FIDIC第20款(kuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賠、爭(zheng)(zheng)端(duan)和(he)仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)。在(zai)(zai)FIDIC中(zhong)，解決爭(zheng)(zheng)端(duan)的(de)最終辦法(fa)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)，承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)不(bu)能跨越咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)就直接去打仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)。一(yi)旦(dan)走到仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)的(de)地(di)步，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)賭博，誰都不(bu)能說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)上(shang)了(le)仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)庭(ting)一(yi)定(ding)會(hui)贏，因為影(ying)響(xiang)仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)結果的(de)因素(su)太多：以往(wang)的(de)案例、提(ti)供的(de)證(zheng)據(ju)、咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)的(de)意(yi)見、你對(dui)項目情況的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否很有(you)邏(luo)輯和(he)道(dao)理，等等。因此(ci)，咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)的(de)準仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)對(dui)于一(yi)個承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)，或更(geng)廣泛(fan)地(di)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)對(dui)合同(tong)雙方的(de)經(jing)濟利益是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相當(dang)關(guan)(guan)鍵的(de)。FIDIC的(de)框(kuang)架關(guan)(guan)系是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)與承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)之間的(de)“三(san)(san)位(wei)一(yi)體”，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)三(san)(san)角關(guan)(guan)系，但(dan)并非(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等邊三(san)(san)角形，咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個三(san)(san)條關(guan)(guan)系中(zhong)跟業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)關(guan)(guan)系更(geng)近(jin)些，因為國(guo)際(ji)承包(bao)(bao)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)畢竟還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)買(mai)方市(shi)場(chang)。特別(bie)值(zhi)得一(yi)提(ti)的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必須(xu)做好有(you)關(guan)(guan)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賠的(de)文字(zi) 記錄和(he)證(zheng)據(ju)收集，要(yao)知(zhi)道(dao)承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)的(de)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賠意(yi)向并不(bu)能作(zuo)為具體支付索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賠時的(de)依據(ju)，業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)都相當(dang)看重提(ti)供的(de)Substantiation/ Verification（實(shi)證(zheng)）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)充足的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)服力。現在(zai)(zai)不(bu)少書中(zhong)過(guo)分強調索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賠，從而(er)導致不(bu)熟(shu)悉實(shi)際(ji)情況的(de)人對(dui)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賠形成(cheng)(cheng)認(ren)識上(shang)的(de)誤區，似乎索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賠是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萬(wan)能的(de)，甚至可能有(you)索(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)賠是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)際(ji)承包(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)創收的(de)唯一(yi)辦法(fa)這(zhe)種(zhong)印象。但(dan)我倒是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張靠變(bian)更(geng)令賺(zhuan)錢，而(er)且在(zai)(zai)項目實(shi)施的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，靠變(bian)更(geng)令賺(zhuan)錢即容易又保險(xian)又方便(bian)，沒(mei)有(you)什么爭(zheng)(zheng)端(duan)，往(wang)往(wang)一(yi)句話、一(yi)個概念，就能多賺(zhuan)幾萬(wan)美元 .如果業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)求承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)執行(xing)合同(tong)中(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)列出的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)任務(wu)，通常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)讓(rang)咨(zi)(zi)詢(xun)(xun)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)按FIDIC條款(kuan)發(fa)出變(bian)更(geng)令而(er)指示承包(bao)(bao)商(shang)(shang)去完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)。要(yao)想主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動用好變(bian)更(geng)令是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要(yao)技巧的(de)，必須(xu)依靠智慧。